What does the term "disproportionality" refer to in special education?

The term "disproportionality" in special education refers specifically to the phenomenon of overrepresentation or underrepresentation of demographic groups in special education programs. This term highlights the concerns that certain racial, ethnic, or socioeconomic groups may be identified as needing special education services at rates that are significantly higher or lower than their peers. This can lead to discussions about equity, bias in referral and assessment processes, and the implications of these patterns for students and their families.

Disproportionality is an important issue that requires ongoing monitoring and evaluation to ensure that all students have fair access to educational resources and that their needs are accurately identified and met. By understanding disproportionality, educators and policymakers can work to address potential inequalities and improve the overall effectiveness of special education systems.